1.中空玻璃生產線粘著磨損，在切向力的作用下，摩擦副表面的吸附膜和服污膜遭到破壞，使表面的輪廓峰在相互作用的各點處發生冷焊，由于相對運動，材料便從一個表面轉移到另一個表面，形成粘著磨損。在此過程中，有時材料也會再次附著回原表面，出現逆轉移，或脫離所粘附的表面而成為游離顆粒。載荷越大，表面溫度越高，粘著的現象也越嚴重。嚴重的粘著磨損會造成運動副咬死。粘著磨損是金屬摩擦副之間普遍的一種磨損形式。
1. the insulating glass production line is adhered to wear. Under the action of tangential force, the adsorption film and the coating film of the surface of the friction pair are destroyed, so that the contour peak of the surface is welded by cold welding at each point of interaction. As a result of relative motion, the material is transferred from one surface to another, forming adhesive wear. In this process, sometimes the material will be attached back to the original surface again, resulting in an inverse transfer or dissociation from the adherent surface and become a free particle. The larger the load is, the higher the surface temperature is, the more serious the adhesion phenomenon is. Severe adhesive wear will result in the death of the pair. Adhesive wear is the most common form of wear among metal friction pairs.
為了減輕粘著磨損，可采取以下措施：①合理選擇配對材料。同種金屬比異種金屬易于粘著;脆性材料比塑性材料的抗粘著能力強。進行表面處理(如表面熱處理、電鍍、噴涂等)可防止粘著磨損的發生。②限制摩擦表面的溫度。⑤采用含油性和極壓添加劑的潤滑劑。④控制壓強。
In order to reduce adhesive wear, the following measures can be taken: 1. The same metals are easier to adhere than dissimilar metals; brittle materials are more resistant to adhesion than plastic materials. Surface treatment (such as surface heat treatment, electroplating, spraying, etc.) can prevent adhesion wear. 2. Limit the temperature of the friction surface. Lubricants containing oil-bearing and extreme pressure additives. (4) control the pressure.

2.中空玻璃生產線磨粒磨損從外部進入摩棕面間的游離硬質顆粒(如塵土或磨損造成的金屬微粒)或硬的輪廓峰尖，在較軟材料表面犁刨出很多溝紋而引起材料脫落的現象，稱為磨粒磨損。磨粒磨損與摩擦副材料的硬度和磨粒的硬度有關。有時選用較便宜的材料，定期更換易磨損的零件，更符合經濟原則。

2. hollow glass production line abrasive wear from the outside into the surface of the friction between the free hard particles (such as dust or wear caused by metal particles) or hard contour peak point, plow a lot of furrow on the soft material surface plow a lot of furrow and cause material loss, called abrasive wear. The abrasive wear is related to the hardness of the friction pairs and the hardness of the abrasive particles. Sometimes cheaper materials are used to replace worn parts regularly, which is more in line with economic principles.
3.中空玻璃生產線疲勞磨損，在變接觸應力的作用下，如果該應力超過材料相應的接觸疲勞極限，就會在摩擦副表面或表面以下一定深度處形成疲勞裂紋，隨著裂紋的擴展及相互連接，金屬微粒便會從零件工作表面上脫落，導致表面出現麻點狀損傷現象.即形成疲勞磨損或稱疲勞點蝕。
3. the fatigue wear of the insulating glass production line, under the action of variable contact stress, if the stress exceeds the corresponding contact fatigue limit of the material, the fatigue crack will be formed at a certain depth below the surface of the friction pair or below the surface. With the expansion and connection of the cracks, the metal particles will fall off the working surface of the parts, leading to the loss of the metal particles. The phenomenon of pitting damage appears on the surface, that is, fatigue wear or fatigue pitting.
為了提高零件表面的疲勞壽命，除應合理選擇摩擦副材料外，還應注意：①合理選擇零件接觸面的表面租糙度。一般情況下表面粗糙度值越小，疲勞壽命越長。②合理選擇潤滑油粘度。粘度低的油易滲人裂紋，加速裂紋擴展。粘度高的潤滑油有利于接觸應力均勻分布，提高抗疲勞磨損的能力。在潤滑油中加入極壓添加劑或固體潤滑劑，能提高接觸表面的抗疲勞性能。③合理選擇零件接觸面的硬度。以軸承鋼為例，硬度為62HRc時，抗疲勞磨損能力，增加或降低表面硬度，壽命都有較大的降低。
In order to improve the fatigue life of parts, we should also pay attention to the following aspects: (1) choose the surface roughness of the surface of parts reasonably. In general, the smaller the surface roughness is, the longer the fatigue life is. 2. Choose the viscosity of the lubricating oil reasonably. Low viscosity oil can permeate human cracks and accelerate crack propagation. High viscosity lubricants are conducive to uniform distribution of contact stress and improve the ability to resist fatigue and wear. Adding extreme pressure additives or solid lubricants in lubricating oil can improve the fatigue resistance of contact surfaces. (3) to choose the hardness of the contact surface of the parts reasonably. Taking bearing steel as an example, when the hardness is 62HRc, the fatigue wear resistance is the highest, and the surface hardness and life of the bearing steel are greatly reduced.
4.中空玻璃生產線腐蝕磨損摩擦過程中，金屬與周圍介質(如空氣中的酸、潤滑油等)發生化學或電化學反應而引起的表面損傷，稱為腐蝕磨損。其中氧化磨損為常見，這是金屬摩擦副在氧化性介質中工作時，接觸表面反復生成、磨去氧化膜的磨損現象，實際上是化學氧化和機械磨損兩種作用相繼進行的過程。氧化磨損的大小取決于氧化膜的連接強度和氧化速度。
4. the surface damage caused by chemical or electrochemical reaction between metal and the surrounding medium (such as acid and lubricating oil in air, etc.) is called corrosion wear during the corrosion and wear friction process of the insulating glass production line. It is the most common oxidation wear, which is the phenomenon of repeated formation of the contact surface and wear out of the oxide film when the metal friction pair works in the oxidizing medium. In fact, it is a process of two kinds of action, chemical oxidation and mechanical wear. The magnitude of oxidation wear depends on the bonding strength and oxidation rate of the oxide film.
16.地質標本破壞性測驗
16. destructive test of Geological Specimen